Contributors:
Mees Dekker

Synonyms:
1080

Disease description:
Sodium fluoroacetate or 1080/1081 forms fluorocitrate in the liver, interrupting cellular respiration. Death of cells leads to tissue dysfunction affecting mainly the heart and central nervous system. Onset of clinical signs can be very rapid (0.5-2 hours after ingestion) and consist of anxiety, vocalization, seizure activity (often described as "running fits"), vomition, and frequent urination and defecation. Death is due to exhaustion from continuous seizure activity. Seizures are not a inducible by sound or touch as in strychnine poisoning. Eating of poisoned rodents or birds can cause a secondary toxicity.

Sodium fluoroacetate poisoning is rare in the United States because it is restricted to licensed pest control operators and is seldom used. 30 mg/kg of bait containing 0.2 % 1080/1081 can be a fatal dose. Unfortunately, most commerical laboratories do not offer gas chromatography/mass spectrometry which can detect the poison.

Etiology:
Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)
 

Clinical findings:
Abdominal pain
AFEBRILE
ANOREXIA, HYPOREXIA
ANXIETY
Bark howling
BEHAVIOR CHANGE
Breathing open mouthed
Cachexia, weight loss
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) SIGNS
Circling
Clonic seizures
Coma, unconsciousness
CONVULSIONS, SEIZURES, FITS
CYANOSIS, CYANOTIC
DYSPNEA
Hyperpnea
Hyperventilation, tachypnea
Malaise
Nausea
Onset sudden, acute
Opisthotonos, opisthotonus
Paddling
PAIN
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Stimuli insensitive
TACHYCARDIA
Tonic seizures
VOMITING
ZZZ INDEX ZZZ
 

Treatment/Management/Prevention:
SPECIFIC
1) Prognosis for 1080/1081 poisoning is grave because there is no antidote.
2) Monoacetin: 0.1 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg IM q 1 hr for a total dose of 2-4 mg/kg has been used as a competitive antagonist.

SUPPORTIVE
1) Control seizure activity:
 

• Pentobarbital: 30 mg/kg IV to effect.
• Propofol: CRI at 0.1 – 0.6 mg/kg/min.
• Methocarbamol: 55 – 220 mg/kg IV, not to exceed 330 mg/kg/day: May be used for muscle relaxation.
  2) IV fluids as needed.
  3) Monitor and control temperature to avoid hyperthermia.

  References:
  

  1)	Eason C: Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) risk assessment and risk communication. Toxicology 2002 Vol 181 pp. 523-30.
  2)	Gfeller RW, Messonier SP: No title. Handbook of Small Animal Toxicology and Poisonings, 2nd ed. St Louis, Mosby 2004 pp. 32.
  3)	Robinson RF, Griffith JR, Wolowich WR, Nahata MC: Intoxication with sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080). Vet Hum Toxicol 2002 Vol 44 (2) pp. 93-95.
  4)	Nicholson SS: Toxicology. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Philadelphia, WB Saunders 2000 Vol 1 pp. 360.
  5)	Churchill R, Corkhill C, Richard M: 1080 poisoning in dogs: An update - and successful treatment option?. The Veterinarian.